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European Neolithic Mining Practices
Posted On September 1, 2020


During the Neolithic period, flint was as prized as gold was to the Hindus, Christians, and Buddhists. 4500 years ago, flint miners dug shafts up to 12 meters deep in search of more flint. Ladders and wooden platforms made extracting […]


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The Advent of the Worlds First Parliament in Iceland
Posted On May 27, 2020


When the Vikings settled Iceland, no monarch was installed, which forced these settlers to find a new system of government; democracy. The early decades of settlement were effectively without structured law, but after 2 generations, 36 leading farmer Vikings banded […]


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The Annual Hindu Rain Festival of Ambubachi Mela
Posted On April 22, 2020


For 3 days each June, typically always starting upon June 22 and ending upon June 26, but fluctuating due to various influences, the Hindu festival of Ambubachi Mela is observed. Sadhu’s, that is, holy men of the Hindu faith, and […]


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The First Mass Produced Items of the Ancient World
Posted On March 11, 2020


The first mass produced pieces of artwork were the ancient Egyptians shabtis which were essentially miniature mummies that the ancient Egyptians believed had magical powers and were therefore buried with the dead. Shabtis were comprised of Egyptian faience which is […]


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Snow in Iran During the Summer
Posted On June 7, 2019


Iran experiences snow during the winter every couple of years and even during the summer on occasion due to the topography and geography of Iran which includes high altitude mountains. Iran is a mountainous state referred to as a “plateau”. […]


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Climatology  / Environment  / Geology  / Marine Biology  / Montology  / Oceanography  / Pedology  / Planetology  / Speleology
The Reason Why Underground Caves Naturally Form
Posted On May 2, 2019


Cave systems form when acidic water etches its way through rock. Rainwater becomes acidic as it takes in carbon dioxide and groundwater can become acidic due to the acids found in nearby soil. Water causes existing cracks within the rock […]


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The Reason Why Wind Changes in its Intensity
Posted On April 9, 2019



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Cartography  / Cetology  / Climatology  / Geology  / History  / Hydrometeorology  / Limnology  / Marine Biology  / Oceanography
Preservation​ of Organic Material in The Black Sea
Posted On February 25, 2019


The Black Sea off of the coast of the Ukraine is unique in that it has a dense layer of stagnant, oxygen deprived water which blankets its lower depths referred to as the “anoxic layer”. This layer has preserved shipwrecks […]


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Geology  / History  / Optics  / Physics  / Quantum Physics
Henri Becquerel’s Discovery of the Glow of Radioactive Materials
Posted On February 21, 2019


In 1896 French scientist Henri Becquerel was working with radioactive substances and found that under ultraviolet light, these elements began to glow. Becquerel left radioactive uranium salts overnight on a photographic plate which had never been exposed to light. The […]


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The Defiant American Natural Landscape Art Form and Luminism
Posted On February 18, 2019


Artists in the America’s who continually pushed further west, pioneered the technique of “luminism” which used light effects and concealed brush strokes to create paintings which were considered so overwhelming detailed that opera glasses were needed to fully appreciate their […]


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